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OBJECTIVE@#Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is often associated with bone marrow infiltration, and 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT) has potential diagnostic significance for bone marrow infiltration in DLBCL.@*METHODS@#A total of 102 patients diagnosed with DLBCL between September 2019 and August 2022 were included. Bone marrow biopsy and 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations were performed at the time of initial diagnosis. Kappa tests were used to evaluate the agreement of 18F-FDG PET/CT with the gold standard, and the imaging features of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration on PET/CT were described.@*RESULTS@#The total detection rate of bone marrow infiltration was not significantly different between PET/CT and primary bone marrow biopsy ( P = 0.302) or between the two bone marrow biopsies ( P = 0.826). The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index of PET/CT for the diagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration were 0.923 (95% CI, 0.759-0.979), 0.934 (95% CI, 0.855-0.972), and 0.857, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#18F-FDG PET/CT has a comparable efficiency in the diagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration. PET/CT-guided bone marrow biopsy can reduce the misdiagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration.
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Humans , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Bone Marrow/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Positron-Emission Tomography/methods , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective To test and analyze the performance of Biograph Vision 600 PET/CT according to the NEMA NU2—2012 standard to achieve reliable, repeatable, and inter-system comparable performance measurement, and to provide a basis for future equipment stability testing and status detection. Methods The Biograph Vision PET equipment features a detector based on silicon photomultipliers, with 3.2 mm lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals and full cover of the scintillation region. The spatial resolution, sensitivity, noise-equivalent count rate, scatter fraction, coincidence count rate, image quality, scatter correction, and time-of-flight resolution of Biograph Vision PET were tested by referring to the test model and method of the NEMA NU2—2012 standard. Results The Biograph Vision 600 PET equipment showed lateral and axial spatial resolutions of 3.69 mm and 3.81 mm at 1 cm off-center of the field of view, respectively and of 4.29 mm and 4.48 mm at 10 cm, respectively. The sensitivity was 17.5 kcps/MBq. The time-of-flight resolution changed from 210 ps to 215 ps as the count rate increased to the peak noise equivalent count rate. The NEMA peak noise-equivalent count rate was 247 kcps at 30.3 kBq/ml. The corresponding scatter fraction was 34.8%. With the NEMA module, the overall image quality contrast range was 73.6%-92.8%, and the background variability was 2.3%-6.5%; the mean lung residual error was 3.4%; and the time-of-flight resolution was 210 ps. Conclusion This performance test was performed according to the NEMA NU2—2012 standard, showing that all parameters were better than the ex-factory standard, which can provide a reference for other institutions selecting equipment and also provide a basis for future equipment stability testing and status detection.
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Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to find out if a single imaging test is enough to follow-up on an oncological post-treatment patient. In such a case, we would know which was more valuable after comparing the two, by CT or PET-CT. Methods: Between January 2012 and July 2018, we collected data from all patients with previous medical history who were treated with a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in our hospital, through surgery or by using an organ preservation protocol which we had done. Patients were required to have a CT and a PET-CT performed in a maximum period of 30 days between techniques. We compared the post post-treatment stage given to each case by using only the physical examination (only the CT and the PET-CT), with the ones given by the Tumor Board. After treatment, we analysed the similarity through Cramer's V statistic test. Results: We performed a comparative analysis, obtaining a correlation of 0.426 between the stages given by the Tumor Board and the one assigned based on physical examination, without imaging techniques. By only using the computed tomography as an imaging method the correlation was 0.565, whereas with only the use of positron emission computed technology, it was estimated at 0.858. When we compared the statistical association between stages using exclusively one of the two imaging techniques, the correlation was 0.451. Conclusion: Independent of the modality, we have demonstrated that in patients who have received previous treatment, there was a higher correlation in the stages with respect to the diagnostic method conducted by the Tumor Board using PET-CT as the sole image. Level of evidence: Level 1.
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Abstract Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the seventh most common malignant tumor. The advances in treatment have improved the global survival rates in the past years, although the prognosis is still grave. Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the correlation between positron emission computed tomography and computed tomography at the time of staging a previously untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and to determine which of the two imaging techniques gives us more information at the time of initial diagnosis. Methods: Data from all patients diagnosed in our hospital of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by a biopsy of any location or unknown primary tumor was collected, between January 2012 and July 2017. In all cases, computed tomography and positron emission computed tomography were performed with a maximum of 30 days difference between them and patients had not received any prior treatment to staging. The stage given to each case was compared based solely on the physical examination, only on the computed tomography/positron emission computed tomography, with respect to the stage given by the tumor board, observing the concordance obtained through Cramer's V statistical test. Results: We performed a comparative analysis obtaining a correlation of 0.729 between the stage given by the tumor board and the one assigned based on the physical examination without imaging techniques. When only using computed tomography as an imaging method, the correlation was 0.848, whereas with only the use of positron emission computed tomography it was estimated at 0.957. When comparing the statistical association between staging using exclusively one of the two imaging techniques, correlation was 0.855. Conclusion: Positron emission computed tomography is useful for the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, improving the patient's staging especially when detecting cervical and distant metastases. Therefore, we consider that the use of positron emission computed tomography for the staging of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a diagnostic test to be considered.
Resumo Introdução: O carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço é o sétimo tumor maligno mais comum. Os avanços no tratamento melhoraram as taxas de sobrevida global nos últimos anos, embora o prognóstico ainda seja grave. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a tomografia computadorizada por emissão de pósitrons e a tomografia computadorizada no estadiamento de carcinomas espinocelulares da cabeça e pescoço não tratados previamente e verificar qual das duas técnicas de imagem nos fornece mais informações no momento do diagnóstico inicial. Método: Os dados de todos os pacientes diagnosticados em nosso hospital com carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço por biópsia de qualquer região ou adenopatias de origem desconhecida foram colhidos no período entre janeiro de 2012 e julho de 2017. Em todos os casos, uma tomografia computadorizada e uma tomografia computadorizada por emissão de pósitrons foram realizadas com um máximo de 30 dias de diferença entre elas. Nenhum paciente deveria ter recebido tratamento antes do estadiamento. O estadiamento atribuído a cada caso foi comparado com base apenas no exame físico, pela tomografia computadorizada ou apenas pela tomografia computadorizada por emissão de pósitrons, com relação ao estadiamento concedido pela margem tumoral, observou-se a concordância obtida pelo teste estatístico de V de Cramer. Resultado: Realizamos a análise comparativa obtendo uma correlação de 0,729 entre o estadio concedido pela margem tumoral e aquele atribuído com base no exame físico sem técnicas de imagem. Usando apenas a tomografia computadorizada como método de imagem, a correlação foi de 0,848, enquanto que a correlação com a tomografia computadorizada por emissão de pósitrons foi estimada em 0,957. Ao comparar a associação estatística entre o estadiamento usando exclusivamente uma das duas técnicas de imagem, foi de 0,855. Conclusão: Tomografia computadorizada por emissão de pósitrons é útil para o diagnóstico de carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço, melhora o estadiamento, especialmente na detecção de metástases cervicais e à distância. Portanto, concluimos que seu uso para o estadiamento de pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço é um exame diagnóstico a ser considerado.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Sensitivity and Specificity , Radiopharmaceuticals , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
To investigate the predictive value of [ 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission computed tomography(PET)/CT for disease progression in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Sixty-seven DM patients who underwent [ 18F] FDG-PET/CT imaging were retrospectively analyzed from January 2012 to September 2017 at PLA General Hospital. Their clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics were recorded. Compared with those chronically progressed (C-ILD), patients with rapid progression (RP-ILD) had significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and standardized uptake value (SUV) in lungs ( P<0.05). In patients with RP-ILD, SUV in lungs was positively correlated with age, disease course, and ESR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that when lung SUV cut off value was 2.25, the sensitivity and specificity to predict disease progression was 77.8% and 72.8%, respectively. Old age, longer disease course, low creatine kinase level, higher ESR, and high SUV are prognostic factors for DM-associated ILD.
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Objective:To compare the differences in the delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) and lymph nodes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients using computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT), and to investigate the optimal standard uptake value (SUV; relative to the MRI-based delineation) for the automatic delineation of GTV using PET. Methods:A total of 53 NPC patients proposing to receive radiotherapy were selected for this study. The CT, MRI, and PET images of each patient were obtained before radiotherapy. Then GTV and positive lymph nodes were delineated on these three types of images. They were individually named GTV MRI, GTV CT, GTV PET2.5 (SUV=2.5), Lymph MRI, Lymph CT, and Lymph PET2.5 and compared. The GTV ∩2.5 (overlapped GTV) was obtained through the alignment of MRI and PET/CT images. Meanwhile, GTV was delineated on PET images using thresholds of SUV=4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.6, obtaining GTV PET4.0, GTV PET4.5, GTV PET5.0, and GTV PET5.6. Then their volume and Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) were compared. Results:Compared to GTV MRI, GTV CT decreased by 1.73% ( P>0.05) and GTV PET2.5 increased by 21.34% ( t=-3.52, P < 0.05) in the three types of images. The volume of Lymph PET2.5 was 1.61 and 1.87 times the volume of Lymph MRI and Lymph CT, respectively ( t=-4.12, -5.18; P< 0.05). The volume of high-SUV lymph nodes was 4.07 times the volume of lymph nodes with low SUVs or SUV=0 ( t=5.50, P< 0.05) on PET images. The DSC between GTV PET4.0and GTV MRI was 0.78 ± 0.27, which was lower than that between GTV PET2.5 and GTV MRI (0.84 ± 0.18). However, GTV PET4.0 approximated to GTV ∩2.5 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared to CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT, MRI shows more accurate boundaries of GTV and lymph nodes. When 18F-FDG PET/CT was adopted to automatically delineate GTV, the GTV delineated using SUV=4.0 was closer to GTV MRI.
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Objective: To investigate the role of the Deauville five-point scale (5-PS) and maximum standard uptake value variation (△ SUVmax) measures of interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) in the prognosis evaluation of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: A total of 94 patients with histologically confirmed DLBCL at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from October 2012 to June 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients were analyzed. Survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. The prognostic value of △SUVmax and 5-PS in patients with DLBCL was evaluated using the Chi-square test. Results: 5-PS and △SUVmax were grouped by scores of 4 and 86%, respectively. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were longer in the 5-PS score <4 group than in the 5-PS score ≥4 group. Patients in the △SUVmax ≥86% group had better PFS and OS than those in the △SUVmax <86% group (P<0.05). △SUVmax and 5-PS measures had high negative predictive values (89.4% and 93.6%, respectively; 76.1% and 85.9%, respectively) and low positive predictive values (48.9% and 31.9%, respectively; 47.8% and 34.8%, respectively) for PFS and OS. △SUVmax was more sensitive than 5-PS for the corresponding parameters (82.1% vs. 39.3% and 83.3% vs. 44.4%, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that international prognostic index (IPI) (P=0.007), △SUVmax (P<0.001), 5-PS (P=0.014) and baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) (P=0.001) were associated with PFS. △SUVmax (P=0.014), 5-PS (P= 0.033), and TMTV (P=0.004) were related to OS. Multivariate analysis showed that TMTV was an independent predictor of OS (P= 0.005). △SUVmax and TMTV were independent predictors of PFS (P=0.002, P=0.020). The PFS of patients with △SUVmax < 86% and high TMTV was significantly shorter than that of those with △SUVmax <86% with low TMTV (P=0.001). Conclusions: 5-PS and △SUVmax can be used to evaluate the prognosis of DLBCL patients. However, the predictive value of △SUVmax was higher than that of 5-PS, and combining △SUVmax with baseline TMTV could further stratify the risk of DLBCL patients.
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Objective@#To analyze the predictive value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) level combined with primary PET/CT metabolic parameters, metabolic tumor volume(MTV) and total glycolysis(TLG) in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 86 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent PET/CT examination in the People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between clinicopathological parameters, MTV, TLG and liver metastasis.@*Results@#Of the 86 patients, there were 17 cases(19.77%) of liver metastases.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in T stage(χ2=8.83), tumor location(χ2=5.43) and serum CEA content(t=11.65) between the liver metastasis group and the non-liver metastasis group(all P<0.05). The levels of TLG[(101.94±20.14)g] and MTV[(14.09±3.25)cm3] in the liver metastasis group were significantly lower than those in the non-liver metastasis group[(135.95±22.63)g, (25.09±4.33)cm3](t=5.66, 9.80, all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that T stage(OR=3.56, 95%CI: 1.06-12.00), tumor location(OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.81), TLG(OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.11-2.54), MTV(OR=3.86, 95% CI: 1.63-9.14) and serum CEA(OR=2.95, 95% CI: 1.60-5.41) were the influencing factors of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer(all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#T stage, tumor location, primary PET/CT metabolic parameters(TLG, MTV) and serum CEA levels are the influencing factors of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer, suggesting that the detection of serum CEA level combined with primary PET/CT metabolic parameters has certain predictive value for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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Accurate preoperative staging of gastric cancer is of great significance for choosing an optimal therapeutic schedule and for evaluating the prognosis. Accurate preoperative preparation can avoid unnecessary treatment and help with selecting optimal treat-ment modalities. In recent years, the preoperative staging of gastric cancer has been greatly improved owing to the use of diagnostic methods such as endoscopic ultrasonography, multi-slice spiral computed tomography, positron emission computed tomography, and staging laparoscopy, among other such modalities. However, all diagnostic methods are associated with advantages and limitations. Thus, a combination of various diagnostic modalities is essential for accurate preoperative staging. This paper reviews the research progress in the aforementioned diagnostic methods for preoperative staging.
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Objective To analyze the predictive value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) level combined with primary PET/CT metabolic parameters,metabolic tumor volume( MTV) and total glycolysis( TLG) in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent PET/CT examination in the People＇s Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between clinicopathological parameters,MTV, TLG and liver metastasis. Results Of the 86 patients, there were 17 cases (19.77%) of liver metastases.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in T stage( χ2 =8.83),tumor location(χ2 =5.43) and serum CEA content(t=11.65) between the liver metastasis group and the non-liver metastasis group(all P＜0.05).The levels of TLG[(101.94 ±20.14)g] and MTV[(14.09 ±3.25)cm3] in the liver metastasis group were significantly lower than those in the non-liver metastasis group[(135.95 ± 22.63) g, (25.09 ± 4.33)cm3] ( t=5.66,9.80,all P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that T stage ( OR=3.56,95%CI:1.06-12.00),tumor location(OR=1.38,95% CI:1.05-1.81),TLG(OR=1.68,95% CI: 1.11-2.54),MTV(OR=3.86,95% CI:1.63-9.14) and serum CEA( OR=2.95,95% CI:1.60-5.41) were the influencing factors of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer( all P＜0.05).Conclusion T stage, tumor location,primary PET/CT metabolic parameters(TLG,MTV) and serum CEA levels are the influencing factors of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer,suggesting that the detection of serum CEA level combined with primary PET/CT metabolic parameters has certain predictive value for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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@#Primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs) occurring directly from the lung parenchyma without involvement of the chest wall or pleura are particularly unusual. We describe a 16-year-old male who presented with severe chest and back pain following a fall during high jump competition. Incidental finding of an opacity at the right lung upper lobe was seen on his chest radiograph. Computed tomography of the thorax demonstrated a lobulated hypodense lesion in the anterior segment of right upper lobe and subsequent biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma/ PNET following histologic and immunohistochemical examination. Whole-body positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) revealed mild, homogenous F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the lung lesion with no evidence of metastasis. He eventually underwent right thoracotomy and right upper lobectomy. Indeed, F18-FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging method in demonstrating active focus of glucose metabolism in lung parenchymal lesion, for preoperative evaluation and as baseline scan for patient’s monitoring.
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OBJECTIVE: To prepare the microcrystal of defactinib and identify the in vivo activity of defactinib-microcrystal on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells using PET (positron emission computed tomography) methods. METHODS: The protein level of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in HCC cell lines was examined by Western blot. The solubilizing solution or microcrystal of defactinib was prepared. MHCC97-H cells, which express highest level of FAK, were injected to nude mice to form the subcutaneous tumor. The solubilizing solution or microcrystal of defactinib was injected into tumor tissues. The clearance curve or anti-tumor efficiency of solubilizing solution or microcrystal of defactinib was identified by LC-MS /MS or PET/CT methods. Mice were injected with 300 μCi(11.1 MBq)18F-FDG and analyzed by PET after 50 min. RESULTS: The solubilizing solution or microcrystal of defactinib was successfully prepared. MHCC97-H expresses highest level of FAK than HCC other cell lines. defactinib slowly released by defactinib-microcrystal. Treatment of defactinib-microcrystal sustainably attenuated the absorbing of 18F-FDG in MHCC97-H cells. CONCLUSION: The solubilizing solution or microcrystal of defactinib is successfully prepared. A method to identify the in vivo activity of FAK inhibitor is also established.
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Objective To study the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),positron emission computed tomography (PET)and PET/MRI coregistration in intractable epilepsy of children.Methods A retrospec-tively analysis was performed based on the surgery data at the Department of Children Epilepsy Center of Peking Univer-sity First Hospital from September 2015 to March 2016.The clinical data,surgery and follow－up study data,interictal and ictal electroencephalogram,MRI,PET and PET/MRI coregistration data were collected.By comparison with the epi-leptogenic zone designed by pre－surgical workup,the accuracy of MRI,PET and PET/MRI coregistration in detecting lesion was assessed.In the patients who had no seizure during≥1 year follow－up,their sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value of MRI,PET and PET/MRI coregistration were calculated.Results (1)A total of 62 patients underwent surgery,30 boys and 32 girls. The average age on epilepsy onset was 2. 50 years (2 days－11.70 years),and average age on surgery was 5.10 years old(0.75－15.60 years old).(2)Surgical treat-ment of 62 cases included the resection of the focal or lobar (32 cases,51.6%),and the multilobar (16 cases, 25. 8%).Hemispherotomy was done in 14 cases (22.6%).During ≥1 year follow－up,seizure outcome was Engel class Ⅰ in 57 cases (91.9%)out of the 62 patients,Engel classⅡto Engel classⅣin 1 case,3 cases,and 1 case, respectively.(3)Referred to epileptogenic zone designed by presurgical workup,MRI represented 64.5%(40/62 ca-ses)results with accordance,PET and PET/MRI coregistration was 72.5%(45/62 cases)and 85.5%(53/62 cases), respectively,and the difference was significant(χ2＝7.25,P＝0.03).(4)Based on the patients of Engel class Ⅰ, their sensitivity and specificity were 66.7%,60.0% in MRI,75.4%,60.0% in PET %,and 85.9%,80.0% in PET/MRI coregistration,respectively.(5)There were 11 ＂non－lesion＂ cases of all focal cortical dysplasia in patholo-gy,and subtle structural abnormalities were de tected in 9 cases by reviewing MRI.Conclusions PET/MRI coregistra-tion can improve lesion detection of intractable epilepsy in children.
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The growth of solid tumors can lead to changes in the hypoxic microenvironment of local tissues,and the most important regulatory factor is the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs).In the case of hypoxia,the downstream target genes regulated by HIF-1α regulation mainly are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) genes,etc.In recent years,multimodality PET and MRI imaging technologies have been widely used in diagnosis of tumor diseases,and have confirmed that the parameters obtained by imaging are associated with the expression of tumor hypoxic related molecules.The molecular expression of HIF-1α within the tumor and its downstream target genes VEGF and GLUT-1 detected by PET and multifunctional MRI sequential were reviewed in this article.
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Fusion imaging is the amalgamation of various advanced imaging modalities used in oral and maxillofacial imaging today, which takes a lion share in improvising diagnostic and formulation of effective treatment outcomes. In today’s scenario, this has been widely accepted in various disciplines of dentistry in a broadened horizon for capturing the head and neck pathologies. This review paper therefore aims to highlight various aspects of fusion imaging with its bird’s view in various dental specialties
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Micro positron emission computed tomography (PET) is a sort of tomography technique specifically for small animal stud-ies. It can be used to observe radionuclide labeling molecules in vivo, especially for neuronal activities noninvasively, dynamically and quan-titatively at the molecular level. MicroPET can be used for early detection of atherosclerotic plaques, measurement of cerebral blood flow, judgment of the survival status in cerebral ischemia area in animal model. It is important for the control of risk factors, disease diagnosis, dis-ease staging and evaluation of curative effect.
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The explosive growth and advancement of computer science in recent decades have prompted the rapid development and wide applications of imaging techniques in life science, which have brought about revolutionary changes in modern medicine. Nowadays, it is possible to visualize multiple physiological and disease processes, precisely and non-invasively, in a living human body. Modern medicine has even started"reading the mind", to diagnose psychology, behavior and degenerative disorders of human brain. The border between the organic and inorganic diseases in old dogma is disappearing because imaging techniques have"visualized"the neurological and tissue changes of inorganic disorders. Severe burn injury is associated with very complicated pathological processes, which are always at the borderline between life and death. Complete recovery of patients with severe burn injury, if possible, may take years of time. Hence, a real-time monitoring of the disease process is of pivotal importance in early recognition and prevention of life-threatening complications and in assessing the therapeutic efficacy for a less-eventful recovery. Here we review and introduce some potential applications of modern imaging techniques in burn care and research, which may benefit burn patients. Some techniques are still in their early or pre-clinical stage and some are mature techniques in other fields of medicine, which are potentially applicable in burn diagnosis and treatment through our research. We intend to bring your interest to this field which may eventually lead to new revenues improving our clinical work on burn victims.
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@#At present, the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly based on clinical history, however, the sensitivity and accuracy is limited. Positron emission computed tomography can accurately diagnose AD early by glucose metabolism imaging and biomarker imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging provides the basis for early diagnosis and identification of AD by structural imaging and functional imaging. In recent years, the multi-modality imaging technology closely combines radiology and nuclear medicine, which can more accurately diagnose AD.
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@#At present, the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly based on clinical history, however, the sensitivity and accuracy is limited. Positron emission computed tomography can accurately diagnose AD early by glucose metabolism imaging and biomarker imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging provides the basis for early diagnosis and identification of AD by structural imaging and functional imaging. In recent years, the multi-modality imaging technology closely combines radiology and nuclear medicine, which can more accurately diagnose AD.
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Even though multimodal imaging system has already been applied in clinic, the PET-MRI still is a revolutionary progress of medical imaging, and it is a landmark after PET-CT imaging equipment. MRI not only can solve the limitations of CT, but also can provide abundant morphology and function information; at the same time, PET also play important role in the diagnosis of tumor, nervous system diseases and cardiovascular disease; and in the treatment decision, treatment effect evaluation and prognosis evaluation when it is applied in research of physiological and disease state at the levels of molecular activity and metabolism of human body. With the rapid development of science and technology, this article has summarized the imaging technology and clinical application of PET-MRI in recent years.